ecofeminism in literature

[ 1] In this essay I offer an introduction to the literature and issuesof ecofeminism. As an activist and research movement, ecofeminism is concerned with the interrelations between sexism, racism, speciesism and environmental degradation. Ecofeminism examines literary and cultural texts for the manner in which they represent feminized nature and naturalised femininity and thereby suggest that both nature and women have certain essential characteristics, which justifies the domination of both by men. Ecofeminism creates a new understanding and a new vision of criticizing the established military culture that exists in our world today. Ecofeminism is a critical lens that focuses on the many ways that gender shapes how people see and treat nature as well as people's interactions with their environments. According to Shepherd (2015), there are three different strands to look at namely liberal, radical and socialist ecofeminists. become; English is the current lingua franca of ecofeminism. Ecofeminist communities around the world. In India however, growing protests against environmental destruction and struggles for survival and subsistence point to the fact that Developed in the 1970s, “cultural [eco]feminism reclaims women-nature connections as liberating and empowering expressions of women’s capabilities to care for nature” [4]. Ecological feminism or ecofeminism, is an inter disciplinary movement that calls for a new way of thinking about politics, nature and spirituality. Part I, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Interested authors should send a 300- to 500-word abstract, 200-word biography, and sample of a previously published chapter or article to Dr. Douglas Vakoch at dvakoch@ciis.edu by … Shortly afterwards, Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature (Gaard 1993) became the fijirst volume to link feminist animal studies with ecofeminism by placing species at the center of ecofeminist praxis, and launching a decade of debate among feminists and ecofeminists about the place of animals in an antiracist, non-essentialist and postcolonial ecofeminism (Gaard 2003, 2011). As a branch of feminism it comprehends environmentalism and the relationship between women and the earth, as… Ecofeminism - Ecofeminism - Ecofeminism’s future: Many women remained unsatisfied with the limits of the movement. As a movement, ecofeminism emerged as the natural culmination between the various social movements of the late 70s and … 148-152. linkages—in literature and culture as well as political thought, media, education, and other aspects of society--has been a key component of ecofeminist ecocriticism. In India however, growing protests against environmental destruction and struggles for survival and subsistence point to the fact that In other words, it seeks to confirm the basic thesis of ecofeminism; namely, that there is an interconnection between the domination of women … Allison, J. E. (2017). 253-267. Ecocriticism studies the relationship between literature and the physical environment, asking how … . Ecofeminist literary criticism is not new, but still it is at a formative stage, especially in the Ecofeminism: case studies from environmental and ecofeminist activists. . Ecofeminism has its base in literature also. Leading feminist scholars and activists as well as new voices introduce and explore themes central to contemporary ecofeminism.Ecofeminism: Feminist Intersections with Other Animals and the Earth first offers an historical, grounding overview that situates ecofeminist theory and activism and provides a timeline for important publications and events. ecofeminism was coined by Francoise d’Eaubonne in 1974 in the book Feminism or Death. Specifically, I address the issue of why Brontë associates the atmosphere with womanhood in the novel. 5 Nature Writing by Black Female Writers 59 Warren’s Introduction to EcoFeminism. Ecofeminism is a branch of feminism that sees environmentalism, and the relationship between women and the earth, as foundational to its analysis and practice. Essentially, D’Eaubonne's description focused on the similarities or interconnectedness of the way women and nature are treated in paternalistic societies. Ecofeminist theory (or at least the Anglo-American varieties that have received the most attention) has sometimes been thought of as emphasizing issues of personal life, values, and spirituality. Ecofeminism and the Sacred, edited by Carol J. Adams Ecofeminism in Dialogue, edited by Douglas A. Vakoch and Sam Mickey Feminist Ecocriticism: Environment, Women, and Literature, edited by Douglas A. Vakoch Literature and Ecofeminism: Intersectional and International Voices, edited by Douglas A. Vakoch and Sam Mickey Ecofeminism is a term first coined in the 1970s by writer Françoise D'Eaubonne, but the term is somewhat difficult to describe because of its many definitions and applications. 8, No. Advocating For Social & Environmental Justice. Biography Heidi Hutner, Associate Professor in English and Sustainability, Women’s and Gender Studies Affiliate, Director of the Sustainability Studies Program (SoMAS), and Associate Dean in SoMAS, teaches and writes about environmental literature and film, environmental justice, ecofeminism… Ecocriticism and feminist literary criticism have contributed to the linguistic as well as literary aspects of theories and ideologies in literature. 'Once upon a time there yet existed a world in which a small girl could choose the nurturing power of nature rather than the materialistic exploitations of industrial America'. Ecofeminism refers to feminist theory and activism informed by ecology. First theorised and coined by Francoise d’Eaubonne in 1874, ecofeminist theory examines the collusive relationship between women and nature in order to demonstrate how social norms exert unjust dominance over both. Literature and Ecofeminism explores the intersections of sexuality, gender, embodiment, and the natural world articulated in literary works from Shakespeare through to contemporary literature. I begin with a characterization of ecofeminism. 238 PART IV: ECOFEMINISM diverse constituency than either of its environmentalist or feminist predecessors. Ecofeminist Consciousness In Frankenstein English Literature Essay. This essay addresses the connection in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre between the protagonist and the atmosphere. Twenty-First-Century Feminisms in Children's and Adolescent Literature applies principles behind material feminisms, such as ecofeminism, intersectionality, and the ethics of care, to analyze important feminist thinking that permeates twenty-first-century publishing for youth. Queer ecology disrupts prevailing heterosexist understandings of gender, sexuality and nature. The strand of ecofeminism predominant till today is cultural ecofeminism. Kenyan ecofeminist, human rights campaigner and Green Belt Movement founder Wangari Maathai who was awarded the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize. However, one feminist position is distinctive: ecological feminism. After all, writing is the medium through There is an Ecofeminism-Deep Ecology Debate. . Ecofeminism at the Crossroads in India: A Review by Manisha Rao* Abstract: A large and growing body of literature on ecofeminism in the West relates gender and environment mainly in ideological terms. Ecofeminism is the multicultural perceptive aspects about women and nature. Merchant writes that "Popular Renaissance literature was filled with hundreds of images associating nature, matter, and the earth with the female sex. Woman and Nation in Irish Literature and Society 1880–1935. Ecological feminism, or ecofeminism, is an interdisciplinary movement that calls for a new way of thinking about nature, politics, and spirituality. Gaard is well regarded as a leading voice on the topic and her writing reflects the professionalism of analytic techniques applied to ecofeminist literature. Pamela B. June. Ecofeminism has its roots in literature also. Literature and Ecofeminism explores the intersections of sexuality, gender, embodiment, and the natural world articulated in literary works from. This essay explores the religious roots of the ecological crisis and how these religious patterns that have promoted exploitation and negation of nature are interconnected with the religiously mandated patterns of exploitation and negation of women. When I first started planning this project, I anticipated some sort of application of ecocriticism to Victorian literature. perspectives through a vast literature survey. African Literature and the Environment: A Study in Postcolonial Ecocriticism, examines how African literary texts document, critique, and offer alternative visions on ecological crises such as the Niger-Delta oil pollution and the dumping of toxic wastes in African waters. . Ecofeminism is a combination of ecology and feminism. Literature and Ecofeminism explores the intersections of sexuality, gender, embodiment, and the natural world articulated in literary works from Shakespeare through to contemporary literature. Ecofeminism, established by French feminist Francois d' Eaubonne in 1970s is a relatively new form of feminist theory. Ecofeminism is a philosophical lens investigating human systems of domination. My argument is that Brontë’s novel offers an early example of an ecofeminist text or a “proto-ecofeminist text” as I refer to it within the essay. Ecofeminism criticizes the use of dualisms in analysis (Plumwood 1991). For decades, Pulitzer Prize–winning author and activist Alice Walker has spoken out in … Of particular concern was the failure of women in developed countries to acknowledge the ways in which their own lifestyles were leading to further degradation of their counterparts in less-developed countries and of the Earth as a whole. Ecofeminism, also referred to as ecological feminism, is a diverse movement because it represents different strands within feminism. Thus, from its beginning in the 1970s, the ecofeminist movement has argued that angles and “limes” between disciplines were not always as definite as one might think. Ecofeminism is a subgenre of ecocriticism that came into existence within the second wave of ecocriticism. Although ecofeminism is a diverse movement, ecofeminist theorists share the presuppositions that social transformation is necessary for ecological survival, that intellectual transformation of dominant modes … 5 Nature Writing by Black Female Writers 59 For decades, Pulitzer Prize–winning author and activist Alice Walker has spoken out in … Ecofeminism In Literature. 0 Reviews. Today's theory of ecofeminism is tangential to a series of workshops and conferences held between the 1970's and the 1980's by groups of women Feminist concerns in environmental ethics span this broad range of positions. This chapter explores the use of food imagery in Walker’s novels, specifically the symbolism of meat as a site of power. --Ethics. "Literature and Ecofeminism: Intersectional and International Voices is a narrative symbiosis of literary and scholarly voices converging on ecofeminist thought. Ecofeminists activism grew during the 1980s and 1990s among women from the anti - nuclear, environmental and lesbian feminist movements. Ecofeminism uses the basic feminist tenets of equality between genders, a revaluing of non-patriarchal or nonlinear structures, and a view of In ecofeminist literature ’s concern for the nonhuman, one could foresee feminist theory’s “material turn” that would eventually lead to new materialist feminisms. Ecofeminism challenges environmental philosophy to abandon postures upholding supposedly gender-free abstract individualism and “rights” fixations and to realize that human relationships (between self and the rest of the world) are constitutive, not peripheral” (Spretnak 1993, 187-8). Mostly, environmental fantasy literature has this ecofeminism tendency to characterize female as nature. Ecofeminist thinkers draw on the concept of gender to analyse the relationships between humans and the natural world. 'mother nature' is part of ecofeminism. The word “ecofeminist” is itself a compound of “ecology” and “feminist.” This interview was originally published in SolidaritéS Switzerland with the following introduction: In French-speaking countries there is not much literature on ecofeminism and the little that does exist is spiritualistic ecofeminism. Ecofeminism as an ideology and movement finds that the oppression of women is interlinked to the oppression of nature with the same masculine centered attitudes and practices concerning to the patriarchal society. Vakoch’s earlier edited books include “Ecofeminism and Rhetoric: Critical Perspectives on Sex, Technology, and Discourse” (2011) and “Feminist Ecocriticism: Environment, Women, and Literature” (2012). By incorporating the tenets of ecofeminism into literature, people can discover avenues for discussion leading to practical application of its theories. References: Ecofeminists believe that nature and culture are intrinsically linked, and that the environmental harm we’re doing to our planet parallels the harm oppressive cultures do to marginalized groups like women and people of color. Solidarity with the Other Beings on the Planet: Alice Walker, Ecofeminism, and Animals in Literature. But is the Ecofeminism and global environmental politics. To combine the two ideologies, ecofeminism creates a more complex thorough analysis of the destructive nature of militarism. More formally stated, a dualism is a disjunctive pair [of concepts] in which the disjuncts are seen as oppositional (rather than complementary) and exclusive (rather than inclusive) and which place higher value (status, prestige) on one disjunct rather than the other (Warren 1990, p. 128). Furthermore, ecofeminism is viewed … Chapter proposals are invited for "The Routledge Handbook of Ecofeminism and Literature" (hereafter simply "The Handbook"), to be published in 2022 within the series Routledge Literature Handbooks. Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature. Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature Karen Warren , Karen J. Warren , Nisvan Erkal Limited preview - 1997 Karen Warren , Nisvan Erkal No preview available - 1997 Ecofeminism and Intersectional Environmentalism both advocate for social and environmental justice, with a few nuances that differentiate the two: one is a type of environmentalism that explores the relationship between women and nature while the other also advocates for feminism, but is broader in its representation. Ecofeminism by Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva (1993) Ecofeminist Philosophy by Karen J. Warren (2000) Silent Spring by Rachel Carson (1962) Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx and the Post Modern by Ariel Salleh (1997) References. Ecofeminism, the neologism, was coined by a French writer Francoise d’Eaubonne in 1974, in her path-breaking book, Le Feminisme Ou la Mort, which was never translated into English. What is Ecofeminism in literature? ThenI identify eight sorts of connections–what I call”woman-nature connetions”–that ecofeminists claim link thetwin dominations of women and nature. Ecofeminism and the Indian Novel will be of great interest to students and scholars of ecofeminism, ecocriticism, ecological feminism, environmental humanities, gender studies, ecological humanities, feminist studies and Indian literature. CHAPTER 2: EXTENDED LITERATURE REVIEW 27 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Understanding Western Ecocriticism and Ecofeminism thought 28 2.3 The Parameters of Ecofeminism 42 2.4 Ecocriticism in African Male Literature 48 2. What is ecofeminism? Pamela B. June. The impact of businesses on the environment and the position of women. Finally, I hope the essay will be a small contribution to the enterprise that Patrick Murphy called for in the special Ecological Feminism issue of Hypatia: the need to "refine our conception of ecofeminism's rela-tionship to literature" (154). ment, ecofeminist writers in the 1970s and 1980s explored the relative importance of essentialism and social construction in these relationships. In their book, “ Ecofeminism ,” Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies explain ecofeminism as “a new term for an ancient wisdom.”. Keywords: Ecofeminism, Ecofeminist literary criticism, Novels of Anita Nair, Feminism, post-colonial Introduction Ecofeminism is a term coined in 1974 by the French Feminist Francoise d’ Eaubonne. provides readers with a much-needed cross-cultural and multidisciplinary perspective on ecofeminist activism and scholarship. A growing body of literature and criticism suggests that the questions ecofeminism asks-especially questions about otherness, including non-human others-have powerful implications for the reading and writing of … Francoise dEaubonne first created the term ecofeminism in 1974, arguing that the destruction of the planet is due to the profit motive inherent in male power”. The term was coined by the French writer Françoise d'Eaubonne in her book… Ecofeminism, “a new term for ancient wisdom,” developed out of various social movements: the feminist, peace and ecology movements in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Veganism and vegetarianism. Interested authors should send a 300- to 500-word abstract, 200-word biography, and sample of a previously published chapter or article to Dr. Douglas Vakoch at [email protected] by March 25, 2021. Now that we have a consistent way of reading language through an ecofeminist and trans-corporeal lens, we can further interrogate literature as the site of complex interactions between human and nonhuman. Scholars such as Karen J. Warren and Greta Gaard have advocated that the women's cause cannot be held apart from the cause of the natural environment and have therefore emphasized the necessity of ecofeminism. Through the hunter’s alignment with ‘frontier’ notions of masculine supremacy, the world of A White Heron clearly becomes enmeshed in ecofeminist criticism. : . The social constructivist analyses (which tended to dominate French and British writing; see, for example, Mellor 1992) drew from the Marxist and social feminist literature to show how women’s [Google Scholar], Woman and Nation in Irish Literature and Society 1880–1935; Cairns and Richards Cairns, D. and Richards, S. 1991. Ecofeminism is a branch of feminism that sees environmentalism, and the relationship between women and the earth, as foundational to its analysis and practice. Ecofeminism links the oppression of women and nature as one in the same. An alphabetized list of ecofeminist writers includes the following: Carol J. Adams; Carol P. Christ; Chris Cuomo; Mary Daly; Françoise d'Eaubonne; Barbara Ehrenreich; Clarissa Pinkola Estes; Alice Fulton; Greta Gaard; Chellis Glendinning; Alice Gorman; Mary Grey; Susan Griffin; Donna Haraway; Helene Norberg-Hodge; Allison Hedge Coke; Valerie Ann Kaaland; Stephanie Kaza; Petra Kelly Ecofeminism has become an increasingly important field in both contemporary feminist and environmental studies. The misrepresentation of ecofeminism as an exclusively essentialist standpoint, and the subsequent difficulty of reclaiming a mislabeled term, has redirected new feminist scholars away from ecofeminism, and led many formerly ecofeminist writers to eschew this self-descriptor and to advance their thinking within frameworks such as environmental justice (e.g. Ecological feminism, or ecofeminism, is an interdisciplinary movement that calls for a new way of thinking about nature, politics, and spirituality. Ecofeminism has made particularly useful analysis of power relations, rejects any form of hierarchy. Since ecofeminism proposes to be a way of life more than a theory, literature seems a natural medium for disseminating its ideas and practices. Ecofeminism is concerned with connections between the domination of women and the domination of nature. ECOFEMINISM"Environmental ethics" refers to a wide range of normative positions, from traditional Western, utilitarian, rights- and justice-based ethics to nontraditional and non-Western ethics. linguistics or the cultural background or the social background as an important factor Reproductive rights and population growth. Turning to ecofeminism, I argue that most debates that borrow from ecofeminism do not go beyond the maternalistic perspective that mining is anti-woman and thus anti-ecofeminist. Ecofeminism in the Novels of Sarah Joseph and Anita Nair. Interested authors should send a 300- to 500-word abstract, 200-word biography, and sample of a previously published chapter or article to Dr. Journal Special Edition: Gendered and Sexual Aging in the History and Culture of Medicine This piece was originally published in Michael E. Zimmerman, J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, Karen J. Warren, and John Clark (Eds. 0 Reviews. A definition of ecofeminism (from the course description) is: "Ecofeminism springs from the recognition that ecology and feminism have much in common and much to offer each other. It is a philosophy and movement born from the union of feminist and ecological thinkers. Shakespeare through to contemporary literature. This paper speaks to the gap in the literature by examining a specific group of gendered actors under the lens of ecofeminism, that is, women involved in the Women in Mining (WIM) movement. Ecofeminism and the Indian Novel tests the theories of ecofeminism against the background of India’s often different perceptions of environmental problems, challenging the hegemony of Western culture in thinking about human problems. Its name was coined by French feminist Françoise d’Eaubonne in 1974. Her fundamental intention was to call out to women to save the planet. Ecofeminism's basic premise is that the ideology that authorizes oppression based on race, social class, gender, sexuality, physical abilities, and species is the same ideology that sanctions the oppression of nature. Though it emerged in the late twentieth-century women movements, ecofeminism, as the researchers argue, had its roots earlier in American transcendentalism as demonstrated in selected literary works. an activist and academic movement that sees critical connections between the domination of nature and the exploitation of women. Sustainable growth. Ecofeminism is one of the most sophisticated and creative philosophical ecologies. ecocriticism entitled ecofeminism, I knew the approach my personal and academic experienced had prepared me to take in my critical analysis of some of my best-loved literature. --Iris. Ecofeminism is a subgenre of ecocriticism that came into existence within the second wave of ecocriticism. Ecofeminism and Drama, Işıl Şahin Gülter, PhD, Department of English Language and Literature, Fırat University, Turkey Drama, Displacement, and Ecofeminist Advocacy in Africa , Stephen Ogheneruro Okpadah, PhD, Department of the Performing Arts, University of Ilorin, Nigeria . CHAPTER 2: EXTENDED LITERATURE REVIEW 27 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Understanding Western Ecocriticism and Ecofeminism thought 28 2.3 The Parameters of Ecofeminism 42 2.4 Ecocriticism in African Male Literature 48 2. The editor of “Literature and Ecofeminism,” D. A. Vakoch, is general editor of Lexington Books’ Ecocritical Theory and Practice Series. Sustainability in the media. Many people are interested in the scope of ecofeminism, its drawing together of environmentalism and femi­ nism. Ecofeminism is thus a movement with large ambitions and with a significant, if at the moment largely unorganized, constituency. In this paper, I argue that they indeed share some common interests and features; they both want to rethink the environment and what constitutes it, but from different angles. Sustainable policies. Ecofeminism, branch of feminism that examines the connections between women and nature. Do ecofeminism and new materialism share common features? All proposals must have a strong ecofeminist focus. Ecofeminism is a study of femininity in the context of environment through the literature related to literature. It can be said that the concept of giving gender to nature i.e. Northwestern University Press, Apr 15, 2020 - Literary Criticism - 216 pages. Scholars such as Karen J. Warren and Greta Gaard have advocated that the women's cause cannot be held apart from the cause of the natural environment and have therefore emphasized the necessity of ecofeminism. Although, as Diamond and Orenstein note, ecofeminism is really ‘a new term for an ancient wisdom’ (Mies and Shiva 1993: 13), it first came to prominence in the early 1980s, its bases in feminist philosophy, environmental activism and the European and American peace movements of the … 3, 2020, pp. Ecofeminism. Ecofeminist Literary Criticism is the first collection of its kind: a diverse anthology that explores both how ecofeminism can enrich literary criticism and how literary criticism can contribute to ecofeminist theory and activism. Dealing with various themes, issues, and concerns of ecofeminism, the 13 chapters weave … - Theodore Hovet, 'Once Upon a Time', p.68 Throughout the literary tradition of the American short story and, most interestingly, short stories belonging to the nineteenth… International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture (LLC) June 2017 edition Vol.4 No.2 ISSN 2410 -6577 34 foster the value of collaboration, holistic connectedness, and the benefits of intuition. IV. Solidarity with the Other Beings on the Planet: Alice Walker, Ecofeminism, and Animals in Literature. ), Environmental Philosophy: From Animal Rights to Radical Ecology (Prentice-Hall, 1993), pp. a very important contribution to the literature on ecological feminism. Lei Zhu, Fangting Shen, An Interpretation of To the lighthouse from the Perspective of Ecofeminism, International Journal of Literature and Arts.Vol. The researchers claim that ecofeminism is a continuation of the philosophy of the nineteenth-century American transcendentalism. In ecofeminist literature ’s concern for the nonhuman, one could foresee feminist theory’s “material turn” that would eventually lead to new materialist feminisms. Gender in Irish Writing, Edited by: O'Brien Johnson, T. and Cairns, D. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Episode 9: Ecofeminism and Queer Ecology. Ecofeminism at the Crossroads in India: A Review by Manisha Rao* Abstract: A large and growing body of literature on ecofeminism in the West relates gender and environment mainly in ideological terms. English Français. Northwestern University Press, Apr 15, 2020 - Literary Criticism - 216 pages. Anthropological Forum: A Journal of Social Anthropology and Comparative Sociology Chapter proposals are invited for The Routledge Handbook of Ecofeminism and Literature (hereafter simply The Handbook), to be published within the series Routledge Literature Handbooks in 2022. Postcolonial ecofeminism still rests in the basic ecofeminist assumption that there is a connection in how one treats women and the environment and all feminized and naturalized entities. Episode 9: Ecofeminism and Queer Ecology. Photo: Micheline Pelletier/Corbis via …

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