chemical drug interactions slideshare

Drug interaction is defined as the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by the concomitant use of another drug or by the presence of some other substance. 1 of 74 ; Health & Medicine. My 2nd Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRrL7ZUgkFhMr02Ipjs9rFA sm29may1996@gmail.com Understanding Pharmacokinetics & Drug-Drug Interactions HIV Research Catalyst Forum April 2010 Kimberly Struble, PharmD FDA Tracy Swan, Treatment Action Group – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 3bf853-NTkzZ This is the third medicinal chemistry article, with previous sections focussing on lead compounds as well as providing a general overview of the subject of medicinal chemistry. Maraviroc is a monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4,4-difluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the primary amino group of (1S)-3-[(3-exo)-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropylamine. John Horn, Pharm.D. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) was 1.4, having been 3.5 before 19 days. Our current index is version 4.4.198 and searches 77,100 publications for 2,067,167 protein and genetic interactions, 29,417 chemical interactions and 1,095,496 post translational modifications from … 2.Drug-food interactions. Characterization of drug interaction potential typically begins early in the development of a new drug, with characterization of its elimination pathways and the use of in vitro tools to evaluate the drug’s potential to be a substrate, inhibitor or inducer of metabolizing enzymes or transporters. Along with antidiabetic medicines they may take drugs such as OTC medicines, prescription medicines, etc.to treat other illnesses which may interact with them. Next Mechanism of Drug Action -Drug Enzyme Interactions. 0 From Embeds. CAUSES Poly pharmacy Multiple prescribers Multiple pharmacies Genetic make up Specific population like E.g., females, elderly, … drug interaction: [ in″ter-ak´shun ] 1. the quality, state, or process of (two or more things) acting on each other. In chemical mechanisms, drugs act by producing chemical reactions in the body. A non-covalent interaction differs from a covalent bond in that it does not involve the sharing of electrons, but rather involves more dispersed variations of electromagnetic interactions between molecules or within a molecule. Interactions between drugs can be classified as pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic. Related Articles. All drugs are chemicals but not all chemicals are drugs. Drug–drug interactions Coumarin anticoagulants A 68-year-old woman taking long-term warfarin for atrial fibrillation had an acute left hemiparesis after taking oral flucloxacillin 500 mg qds and oral phenoxymethylpenicillin 999 mg qds for a soft tissue infection for 17 days [51 A]. Generally, drugs that have the same drug action and pharmacological effect have a basic skeletal structure and a minute variation in the branching. A. Bender, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, 2017. 4.Drug-laboratory test interactions. 1 of 24. A drug interaction is a change in the action or side effects of a drug caused by concomitant administration with a food, beverage, supplement, or another drug.. A cause of a drug interaction involves one drug which alters the pharmacokinetics of another medical drug. These statements implied that drug-receptor interactions obey the law of mass action that was used to describe the absorption of gases onto metal surfaces and other physical-chemical binding isotherms. Since by definition the drug-receptor interaction is reversible, covalent bond formation is rather rare except in a rather toxic situation. The Net effect of a Drug Interaction is: •Generally quantitative i.e.increased … Mechanism of Drug Action -Chemical Mechanisms. Welcome to our Database of Protein, Genetic and Chemical Interactions. 1.Drug-drug interactions. Drug-disease interactions can occur in any age group but are common among older people, who tend to have more diseases For example, some beta-blockers taken for heart disease or high blood pressure can worsen asthma make it hard for people with diabetes to tell when their blood sugar is too low. Drugs are any chemical substances that affect/alter the physiology when taken into a living system.When a drug is therapeutically active and is used for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, it is called medicine. Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Advisory Committee Meetings Drug Interaction Presentations 1. July 17, 2017. • “Pharmacokinetic interactions occur when the absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination process of the object drug is altered by the precipitant drug and hence such interactions are also called as ADME interactions”. • The resultant effect is altered plasma concentration of the object drug. ANUSHA NADIKATLA 18. ANUSHA NADIKATLA 19. 5,727 Comments. It is the drug interactions with macromolecules inside the body that generate a biological response. 3.Chemical-drug interactions. Drug reactions may occur extracellularly and involve noncellular constituents. They do so by reacting with various macromolecules in the human body and elicit some form of positive biological response. neutralization of gastric HCl by antacids.. Physicochemical mechanisms may alter the biophysical properties of specific fluids, e.g. OH OÐ + H+ OÐ O Ð O Ð O Ð Figure 3.5. 4.Drug-laboratory test interactions. The drug interactions cited in these tables refer in the main to clinically relevant drug interactions known to occur in man, and of which there are usually several reported cases in the world literature. Share DRUG INTERACTIONS (MECHANISMS OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS) A Drug interaction is an interaction between a drug and some other substance, such as another drug or a certain type of food, which leads to interaction that could manifest as an increase or decrease in … Interactions between drugs can be classified as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Phenols are weak acids that liber-ate protons to give the phenoxide anion. Drug-drug interactions are possible whenever a person takes two or more medications concurrently. This anion is resonance-stabilised and four canonical forms may be drawn (Fig. Once bound to the receptor an agonist activates or enhances cellular activity. Drug Interactions of Antidiabetics (Part 1) - Diabetic patients take Insulin and/or other oral hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic drugs to control their blood sugar levels. View on SlideShare… It is the modification of the effect of one drug (the object drug ) by the prior concomitant administration of another (precipitant drug). 5. PHARMACEUTICAL INTERACTIONS surfactants, detergents, antifoaming agents. Drug-food interactions. Possible sources of lead compounds were described in another article. 2) Identify drug target 3) Establish testing procedures 4) Find a lead compound 5) Structure Activity Relationships (SAR) 6) Identify a pharmacophore 7) Drug design - optimising target interactions 8) Drug design - optimising pharmacokinetic properties 9) Toxicological and safety tests 10) Chemical development and production ×. TYPES Drug-drug interactions. Here, the focus is on the mechanisms by which drugs interfere with each other's absorption, distribution, metabolism and … Pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions are briefly described in another chapter. Shares. This section takes a step forward in describing in more detail what we mean by structure-activity relationships and how it affects drug design. Drugs with a narrow therapeutic range or low therapeutic index are more likely to be the objects for serious drug interactions. Types of Interactions. Recent scientific developments—particularly in the area of cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzymes—have revolutionized the study of drug interactions. Some drugs taken to treat a cold may worsen glaucoma. This can alter the way of one or both of the drugs act in the body, or cause unexpected side effects. The chemical energy released in the formation of non-covalent interactions is typically on the order of 1–5 kcal/mol (1000–5000 calories per 6.02 × 10 23 molecules). On SlideShare. drug interaction see drug interaction . Philip Hansten, Pharm.D. Chemically acting antacids. 795 ... Types of drug Interactions 1.Drug-drug interactions. The risk of developing an adverse drug reaction secondary to a drug–drug interaction increases significantly with the number of medications a patient is receiving. A receptor is the specific chemical constituents of the cell with which a drug interacts to produce its pharmacological effects. Physical Chemical Drug–Drug Interactions from Drug Discovery to Registration: New Opportunities for the Pharmaceutical Scientist To Impact Drug Development . To elaborate on these is the objective of this chapter. Alternatively, drug interactions result from competition for a single receptor or signaling pathway. Additive effects are just what they sound like - the sum of the effects of the chemicals involved in the reaction.. 33,742 views Nov. 26, 2018 Like Liked. Several chemical forces may result in a temporary binding of the drug to the receptor. Downloads. Chemically acting antacids react chemically with HCl of stomach, causing neutralization. chemistry, the science of rational drug design. (b) Drug-enzyme interaction Drugs inhibit any … Covalent bonds would be very tight and practically irreversible. 0 Likes. This is why some drugs have more potential than the other. 2.Drug-food interactions. 16.2 Drug and substrate competing for active site (ii) The second function of an enzyme is to provide functional groups that will attack the substrate and carry out chemical reaction. protective, adsorbent and lubricant properties of agents applied to the skin.. Chemical reactions, e.g. HERB-DRUG INTERACTION:- St. John’s Wort:- Theophylline (CYP1A2), cyclosporin (CYP3A4) and warfarin (CYP2C9) - reports of a reduction in the serum concentrations. Drug-drug interactions. This continued growth in knowledge has been Drug-laboratory test interactions. 1.02.6.5.4 Drug–target interaction profiles. 145 Actions. Sodium bicarbonate chemically binds HCl forming NaCl and water. 4. 449 Chemistry in Everyday Life Fig. 5.Drug-disease interactions. The ability to bind to a receptor is mediated by the chemical structure of the drug that allows it to Interact with complementary surfaces on the receptor. Based on these principles, a mathematical expression can be provided to describe drug-receptor interactions: Classification of Drugs on the basis of Chemical Structure: This is a common classification of drugs. 3.5). Vinca Alkaloids, Taxanes, Epipodophyllotoxins, Camptothecins, Hormones, Anti-hormones, Asparaginase, … For example, most antacids decrease gastric acidity through simple chemical reactions; antacids are bases that chemically interact with acids to produce neutral salts. Piperazine Citrate and Diethylcarbamazine -Antihelminthic Drugs. Previous Mechanism of Drug Action -Chemical Mechanisms. Since the publication of the first edition of Drug-Drug Interactions in 2002, our knowledge of the various human drug-metabolizing enzyme systems and drug transporters has continued to grow at a rapid pace. 3.Chemical-drug interactions. BioGRID is a biomedical interaction repository with data compiled through comprehensive curation efforts. Some drugs produce effects without altering cellular function and without binding to a receptor. Essentially any bond could be involved with the drug-receptor interaction. Chemical Interactions. For example, all sulphonamides have the same skeletal structure. A basic overview of each product is provided (including dosages, possible drug interactions, side effects and contraindications) along with safety and/or efficacy ratings. Examples of this … Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the commonest causes of ADRs and we reported that these manifestations are commons in the elderly due to poly-therapy. These include: 1. PainEDU: Drug drug interactions tool. An interaction occurs when pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of drug are changed. Drugs are chemically synthesized chemicals that control, prevent, cure and diagnose various diseases and illnesses. • Physical effects, e.g. Drug–target interaction profiles are a natural extension of molecular docking methods in the drug repositioning task. An interaction is said to occur when the effects of one drug are changed by the presence of another drug, food, drink or by some environmental chemical agent. fFor convenience the mechanisms of interactions can be subdivided into those which involve the pharmacokinetics of a drug and those which are pharmacodynamic. February 18, 2013. 0. A drug interaction results when the effects of a drug are altered in some way by the presence of another drug, by food, or by environmental exposure. 0 Number of Embeds. Safety of concurrent administration of SJW with prescription or OTC medications has not been established Inducer of Cytochrome P450 Documented interactions with a number of prescription drugs. How the pain reliever Tramadol works. 4. Phenols Another commonly encountered acidic functional group found in drug molecules is phenol, or hydroxybenzene. The pharmacodynamic interactions of drug-on-drug can be divided into three broad groups: interference with drug effects on receptor function, interference with a physiological control process, and additive or opposing physiological effects. This is usually through specific drug receptor sites known to be located on the membrane. 2. reciprocal actions or influences among people, such as mother-child, husband-wife, client-nurse, or parent-teacher. Chemical-drug interactions. Drug-Receptor Interaction: Drugs act on the cell membrane by physical and/or chemical interactions. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced. In supramolecular chemistry, host–guest chemistry describes complexes that are composed of two or more molecules or ions that are held together in unique structural relationships by forces other than those of full covalent bonds.Host–guest chemistry encompasses the idea of molecular recognition and interactions through non-covalent bonding. Natural Product Information (Professional) The Natural Product Information (Professional) database is a comprehensive source of information on traditional and/or conventional uses of natural products. Drug-disease interactions. An interaction is said to occur when the effects of one drug are changed by the presence of another drug, food, drink or by some environmental chemical agent. Posted August 17, 2017 by Inflexxion. Loading in … 5. For convenience the mechanisms of interactions can be subdivided into those which involve the pharmacokinetics of a drug and those which are pharmacodynamic. DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION Drug-drug interactions occur when a drug interacts, or interferes, with another drug. Drug-Drug Interaction Mechanisms. Upcoming SlideShare. Drug Target Interaction. PainEDU: Drug drug interactions tool.

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