effects of land degradation in points

Land degradation is, usually, the result of complex inter-relationships between biophysical and socio-economic issues which affect many people and their land, specially in the tropics and developing countries. From the various effects of land and soil degradation observed, lost productivity of the land/soil is one, and some estimates indicate that productivity may have reduced by 20 to 30%. 2 billion people and the impact of its effects will only grow with time. worldwide. Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. The precipitation or rainfall of the area, that is discharged from the area through stream channels and is thus lost without entering the soil, is called surface runoff. So reports the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), an independent intergovernmental body set up by UN member states, in a new summary for policy makers. the extent and effect ofland degradation. The environment plays a very essential role in the life of human beings. This is Reversing land degradation can improve agricultural production and slow climate change. The environmental consequences of land degradation are vast, including amplified soil losses, water quality deterioration, biodiversity decline and degradation of ecosystem services and corresponding values, especially if actual land uses disrespect capability (natural use), in which cases land is in a … The cost of land degradation. These impacts, in turn, serve to undermine the peace and stability of land-dependent communities. 2.1. Suggested methods in reducing land degradation include the following: Gardening, Conservation Tillage, Using Fertilizers, Afforestation and Reforestation, Constructing Wind Breakers and Responsible Industrial and Chemical Waste Management. The land degradation processes include soil erosion, nutrient depletion, salinization, desertification and soil acidification or alkalinisation. Let us find out what surface runoff means. Land Degradation . activities tend to decrease the time scale to the point that one can see the effects of land degradation on a seasonal, annual or longer time scale and the resultant problems associated with it. Land degradation is a consequence of socioeconomic, demographic and climatic factors that, together, have harmful and far-reaching effects on environmental and human welfare. Thus, in order to prevent these adverse consequences, we should take several measures in our daily life. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select six communities mostly affected by land degradation … Changes in the characteristic of soil. Environmental degradation can be defined as the deterioration of the environmental system due to human intervention. Land degradation occurs when the crucial ecosystem processes are disturbed in a negative way due to use of land, causing lost of vegetation cover, and soil fertility affecting the main processes and functions of the ecosystems. The 2001 National Land and Water Resources Audit showed that almost 40% of the continent is affected by sheet and rill erosion. Environmental protection agencies indicate that the effects can even be more devastating if wastes in landfills are not separated into … Surface runoff reduces or even Principal Investigator: Dr. Steve Prince Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA sprince@umd.edu Various kinds of toxic chemicals are expelled from landfills which can prove to be hazardous to the environment as a whole. It is a global issue with millions of people being affected, even forcing them to relocate in some cases. If we all rode bikes instead of driving cars, we could combat pollution quite … The Murray-Darling Basin, a basin 1/7 of Australia's total land is … Desertification, a phenomenon referring to land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions as a result of climatic variations and human activities, is considered as one of the most severe environmental and socio-economic problems of recent times. i t directly affects the livelihoods of millions of people, many of them poor and vulnerable in the world’s drylands, where more than 500 million hectares of land is degraded. It has a direct connection with the health and well-being of human whether they reside in urban areas or rural areas. Less vegetation cover. The natural life cycle and food cycle gets affected due to landfills. i t also negatively affects the world’s ability Land, air and water gets polluted in this process. One of the biggest causes of land degradation is overgrazing. Overgrazing occurs when animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, etc feed on the grass excessively. Thomas, et al., (1997), land degradation affects a large number of people over a significant proportion of the earth’s surface which has led to extreme poverty and hunger. Land degradation: Causes, impacts and rehabilitation techniques 2.1 Causes of land degradation Scholars identified different causes of land degradation. Soil erosion is a natural process that removes soil from the land. As a signatory to the United […] Erosion as a result of overgrazing can lead to severe land degradation. Since there is an exposed and empty soil without its vegetal cover its operational state diminishes, since the roots can not deepen and they do not count also with the required humidity. The term land degradation involves both soil and vegetation degradation. Some per­ ceivethat land degradation poses a potential threatto global food supplies over the long term (Pimentel et al. Land Degradation occurs throughout the entire world, the most affected from Land Degradation is in the Asia Pacific Region as they are affected by the cause of desertification which is the loss of soil productivity and biodiversity. Deforestation: Forests play an important role in maintaining fertility of soil by shedding their leaves … land, lack of interest in agriculture, conventional system of irrigation, Real Estate companies etc are playing a critical role for decreasing agricultural land. The enjoyment of human rights and its relation with the people who live in it was the first time addressed at the UN conference on the Human Environment in 1972. It is also caused by human activities that pollute or degrade the quality of soils and land utility. Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil through which water sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies. In 1994, the UN established the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as the “sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management”. Physical factors, for example, The contamination of the environment due to human activities could cause malnutrition and diseases, insalubrious and shortening of lifespan. Ecological degradation can have serious effects on many animals, plants and also for humanity. Land degradation—the loss of goods and services derived from our ecosystems, such as soil, vegetation, and other plant and animal life—not only poses a serious threat to long-term food security but puts wildlife diversity in grave danger.Taking the form of des This is so because when land is degraded, people, plants and animals suffer. Land degradation due to urbanization has affected strongly many countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, Spain and other places with hot climate, where urban and tourist areas spread along the rivers or coastlines, sealing these lands and pushing farming away onto marginal lands, which will only accelerate their desertification over the time. Desertification is the degradation of terrestrial eco-systems through human activities. Ecological degradation can have serious effects for many animals, plants and also for humanity. Soil degradation refers to negative changes in the physical, Green Transportation. Land degradation will remain an important global issue for the 21st century because of its adverse impact on agronomic productivity, the environment, and its effect on food security and the quality of life. The study was undertaken to examine the effect of land degradation on agricultural activities in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta state. About 2.6 billion people are affected by land degradation and desertification in more than 100 countries, influ-encing over 33% of the earth's land surface. In the following, the types, causes, effects and solutions for environmental degradation are examined. Besides this, a nature itself is also responsible for land degradation. Land degradation—the deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and future—is a global challenge that affects everyone through food insecurity, higher food prices, climate change, environmental hazards, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. 40% of Australia's land is facing medium erosion while 11% is facing high levels of erosion. Land degradation has been a serious environmental problem in dryland areas where moisture supply is limited. It affects the land’s topsoil, the vegetation that grows on it, and the nearby water sources. land degradation is a critical global environmental issue. In its most severe form, it can lead to desertification, which seriously threatens agricultural production and food security. Landfills are one of the major causes for environmental degradation. At … 4. Urbanization contributes to land degradation in a number of ways, including the negative impact of construction on soil, the displacement and destruction of animal and species habitat and the greater demand for waste disposal, generally meaning larger landfills removed from the city. The pollution of land has calamitous consequences especially concerning the survival of animals and humans and the quality of soil and water. To understand the effects of abiotic filtering, we measured soil pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, total soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen. It was the UN’s first … Land degradation also has serious knock-on effects for humans, such as malnutrition, disease, forced migration, cultural damage, and even war. Of course, when adverse climatic conditions such as drought or heavy rainfall/flooding occur, … Land degradation is generally understood to be the reduction or loss of biological or economic productivity (UNCCD, 1994: Article 2) resulting in decreased yields, incomes, food security, and the loss of vital ecosystem services. Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. The main outcome of land degradation is a substantial reduction in the productivity of land. Land degradation is caused by multiple forces, including extreme weather conditions, particularly drought. Flood, drought and salinity due to climate change are very common in Bangladesh thus the result is land degradation. Our results show that grasses replaced sedges and mesoxerophytes replaced mesohydrophytes with increasing land degradation. Land degradation means: 1. Most of the soil is lost through the surface runoff. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. The UNCCD set out a definition of des… Some extremely broad assumptions as to typical yields, yield reductions and farm production economics are necessary. It result in a lower crop production potential, a reduction in the land capacity to support livestock, increased environmental deterioration as a result of water and wind erosion and usually a reduction in the Land degradation is a negative change in the quality of land, usually induced by a mixture of natural and man-made causes. The most authoritative estimates of the extent of land degradation are contained in a report on South Asia prepared by UNDP, UNEP and FAO (Land Degradation in South Asia: its severity, causes and effects upon the people, Rome, FAO, 1994).Water erosion is the most common form of degradation in the area, affecting 25 percent of agricultural land. 2. Thus, in order to prevent these adverse consequences, we … 2. It negatively affects food production, livelihoods, and the production and provision of other ecosystem goods and services. Land is a vital resource to humankind, like air and water. The starting point is the estimates for the extent and degree of each type of land degradation obtained in Chapters 4 and 5. Land degradation can exacerbate climate change and threaten agricultural productivity, water quality, biodiversity, sustainable development, and the living conditions of humans and wildlife, among other effects. Natural hazards are excluded as a cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires. Globally, a third of our land is degraded, affecting 3 billion people, and it is expected to worsen with rising demand for food. The degradation or deterioration of soil may be caused by the below factors; 1. For example, according to Berry (2003), the cause of land degradation involves two interlocking complex systems: the natural ecosystem and the human social system. Degradation is currently affecting 25% of Earth's land and 40% of Earth's agricultural land. The study combines various The Convention itself was a response to a call at the UN Earth Summitin Rio de Janeiro in 1992 to hold negotiations for an international legal agreement on desertification. This thesis aims to assess vegetation and land cover change in the context of land degradation in the sub-Saharan West Africa, a hotspot of environmental change. 1995; Brown and Kane 1994), while others argue that land degradation is overestimated and, in any event, relatively unimportantto global food supplies (Crosson 1994). 3.

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